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Corneal Abrasion
  • Stain the eye with fluorescein and use woods lamp
    • Look for fixed staining (“uptake”) on the cornea
Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma
  • Symptoms
    • Eye Pain
    • Headache
  • Check for intraocular pressure greater than 20
  • Commonly precipitants
    • OTC cough/cold medicine (anticholinergic effect)
    • Dark environment (such as movie theater)
  • Treatment
    • Timolol
    • Pilocarpine
    • Acetazolamide
    • Apraclonidine
Giant Cell Arteritis
  • Common features
    • Severe headache
    • Tenderness of the Temporal Arteries
    • Jaw claudication
    • Elevated ESR (“sed rate”)
  • Treat with steroids
Anterior Uveitis
  • Painful red eye
  • Cell and flair on slit lamp examination
UV Keratitis (“snow blindness”)
  • Common in skiers/snowboarders
  • Diagnose with fluorescein and use woods lamp
    • Punctate lesions on the cornea
Common Poisons/Antidotes
  • Digoxin toxicity
    • Digibind
  • Acetaminophen toxicity
    • N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
  • Ethylene glycol or methanol toxicity
    • Fomepizole
  • Jimson weed (anticholinergic toxicity)
    • Physostigmine
  • Organophosphate toxicity
    • Atropine
      • Treat until airway secretions have stopped
    • Pralidoxime
  • Opiate toxicity
    • Naloxone
  • Benzodiazepine
    • Flumazenil (falling out of favor)
  • Cocaine toxicity
    • DON’T give beta blockers
      • Unopposed alpha effect
      • Very little data to support this but commonly believed
  • Iron toxicity
    • Deferoxamine
  • Salicylate overdose
    • Sodium bicarbonate
    • Dialysis
  • Tricyclic antidepressent
    • Sodium bicarbonate
  • Beta blocker overdose
    • Glucagon
    • Calcium channel blocker overdose
    • Glucagon
    • IV Calcium
    • High dose euglycemic insulin therapy
  • Sulfonylurea overdose
    • Octreotide
    • Dextrose
  • Heparin reversal
    • Protamine sulfate
  • Cyanide toxicity (common in house fires)
    • Hydroxocobalamin
    • Sodium Nitrite
  • Carbon monoxide toxicity
    • Oxygen oxygen oxygen
    • Hyperbaric oxygen
      • BEWARE: pulse oximetry will be normal
  • Valproic acid toxicity
    • L-carnitine
Additional Reading